Genetically modified cotton or Bt cotton has created large and sustainable benefits, which contribute to positive economic and social development in India. Adoption of Bt cotton technology has caused a 24 per cent increase (126 kg) in cotton yield per acre. This is through reduced pest damage and a 50 per cent gain (Rs 1877 per acre) in cotton profit among smallholders. These benefits are stable, a scientific study by researchers based in Germany has claimed. The adoption of Bt cotton has raised consumption expenditures, a common measure of household living standard, by 18 per cent during the period 2006-2008.